Step 1: Solder Paste Printing

Solder paste printing is the first step in PCBA processing. We apply solder paste to the area of the printed circuit board where components need to be assembled. This step is accomplished by applying solder paste on the stainless steel template, which corresponds to the circuit board, and the solder paste drips from the holes of the template onto the PCB. 96.5% tin is gray and it contains 3% silver and 0.5% copper. In order to protect the environment, FS Technology uses lead-free solder paste. The solder paste will be heated and melted in step 3 and form a strong joint

Step 2: Pick and Place of Components

The second step of the PCBA processing flow is to place the components on the PCB, which is completed by a high-speed SMT placement machine. At design time, the PCB designer creates a file, which is used to control the SMT device. The file identifies the X, Y coordinates of the PCB assembly, and thanks to this information, the pick and place machine accurately places the SMD components on top of the solder paste through the vacuum nozzle.

At the beginning, humans completed the picking and placement of components by manual soldering, but this is obviously not good for large-volume orders. In order to ensure fast turnaround, we use SMT assembly machines, which can ensure the consistency and accuracy of PCBA.

Step 3: Reflow oven melts and cures solder paste

We need to use a reflow oven to melt and solidify the solder paste. It is best to use equipment with ten temperature zones for this process. The PCB is transferred to the reflow oven through the docking station. The oven can generate a maximum temperature of 250 degrees Celsius, which is enough to completely melt the solder paste. The melted solder paste will form a joint at the junction of the PCB and the component, forming a strong solidified solder joint after entering the cooler, which will create a permanent joint between the SMD component and the PCB.

Step 4: QC Check

Due to the influence of many factors, the soldering quality of the circuit board may be poor. Since the circuit board is an essential component in electronic equipment, no matter how small the error is, it will lead to a circuit board short. Therefore, we need to use a variety of detection methods to ensure its quality.

Manual Inspection

Almost all formal PCBA processing companies will require operators to conduct detailed and comprehensive PCB manual inspections. For a well-equipped assembly plant, the purpose of manual inspection is just a guarantee. Different components are installed on the PCBA board, while SMD patch components are smaller, and visual inspection of the circuit board may cause inaccurate detection due to fatigue of technicians. This detection method is more friendly to DIP components.

AOI Optical Inspection

In high-volume assembly orders, AOI inspection is considered effective. This detection method refracts light through the PCBA solder joints, and observes the solder joints from multiple angles to ensure consistency with the standard board. The biggest advantage of this detection method is that it is fast and can process batch orders in a short time.

X-Ray Inspection:

X-ray machines allow operators to observe the internal structure of printed circuit boards to find defects in their inner layers. This kind of testing equipment requires customers to pay extra fees, and usually we use it in complex and advanced circuit boards. If your assembly plant does not have skilled inspectors, please do not attempt this method of PCB inspection as it may result in rework or scrapped PCBs.

Step 5: Component Soldering

Component introduction

The PCB itself does not function and provides a carrier for electrical connections to electronic components. Various components are installed on different PCBA boards, including DIP components and SMD components.

DIP components are a larger and more common circuit board component that are mounted to a circuit board through through hole assembly. These holes are classified as plated through holes (PTH) and non-plated through holes (NPTH). The operator passes the pins of the DIP component through the holes in the PCB. These holes are connected to other holes and vias with copper traces. When these DIP components are inserted and soldered on the PCB, they make electrical connections with other holes in the same PCB as the designed circuit.

SMD components are the most popular electronic components in modern electronic equipment. The IC chip we often say is one of the SMD components. These components are soldered on the surface of the PCB in the form of patches. With the development of miniaturization trend, SMT assembly technology has gradually replaced DIP assembly.

Welding type

The three most common soldering processes are manual soldering, wave soldering and reflow soldering.

Manual soldering is a way for electronics enthusiasts to make their own PCBA boards. Electronic enthusiasts insert the pins of the DIP component into the holes of the PCB, and then solder the pins on the soldering surface to death by a welding machine.

Reflow soldering is usually used in the SMT assembly process, which can easily complete the soldering of SMD components and ensure that these components are not damaged. When you choose a PCBA processing factory, please pay attention to whether the reflow soldering equipment used by the service provider is in ten temperature zones.

Wave soldering is an upgraded version of manual soldering, which can complete the soldering work automatically. Once the PTH components are placed on the PCB, the PCB is placed on a conveyor belt and moved to a dedicated oven. Here, a wave of molten solder splashes onto the bottom layer of the PCB, where the component leads are located. This will solder all pins at once.

Step 6: PCB Functional Test

When the PCBA is manufactured we need to test it. Functional test is an essential PCB test, which refers to checking whether the assembled PCBA can operate according to the design.

If any parameter of the PCBA shows unacceptable results, discard or scrap the PCBA following company standard procedures. The testing stage is very important because it determines the success or failure of the whole PCBA process.

PCB components or supplies that need to be prepared in advance

Arduino Uno Rev3

The Arduino Uno is a rigid PCB microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (6 of which can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It includes everything needed to support the microcontroller; just connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery and you’re ready to go. You can tinker with the Uno without worrying about doing something wrong, worst case you can replace the chips for a few bucks and start over.

“Uno,” which means “Uno” in Italian, was used to mark the release of Arduino software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and Arduino software (IDE) version 1.0 is the reference version of the Arduino and has now evolved to newer versions. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards and is the reference model for the Arduino platform; see the Arduino Board Index for an exhaustive list of current, past, or obsolete boards.

SparkFun Bluetooth PCB Modem – BlueSMiRF Silver

BlueSMiRF Silver is the latest Bluetooth PCB wireless serial cable replacement! This version of the popular BlueSMiRF uses the RN-42 module, which has a somewhat smaller range than the RN-41 module used in BlueSMiRF Gold. These modems are used as serial (RX/TX) pipes. Any serial stream from 2400 to 115200bps is seamlessly passed from your computer to your target.

The remote unit can be powered from 3.3V to 6V for easy battery connection. All signal pins on the remote unit are 3V-6V tolerant. No level translation is required. Do not connect this device directly to a serial port. If you need to connect it to a computer, you will need an RS232 to TTL converter circuit.

MCL053MD

MCL053MD is a 5mm HE red circular LED PCB component with red diffuser lens, through hole mount, round lens, 15mcd luminous intensity, 625nm peak wavelength, 45° viewing angle. This LED light is made with GaAsP on GaP.

• 85mW power consumption
• -40 to +85°C operating temperature range
• Multicomp Pro products are rated 4.6 out of 5 stars
• 12 Month Limited Warranty *See terms and conditions for details
• 96% of customers would recommend to a friend

Male/Male Jumper Wires

Manufacturer: ADAFRUIT
Manufacturer Part No: 758
Newark Part No.: 88W2570
Technical Datasheet: 758 Datasheet

RCC120610K0FKEA

The start of a Windows remote Arduino PCBA project

Program the Arduino

First, let’s program the Arduino.

• Download and install the Arduino software from the official Arduino website.
• Connect your Arduino device to your computer using USB.
• Start the Arduino application.
• Verify you have the correct Arduino board selected under Tools > Boards
• Verify you have the correct COM port selected under Tools > Ports
• In the Arduino IDE, navigate to File > Examples > Firmata > StandardFirmata
• Confirm that StandardFirmata will use the correct baud rate for your connection. (see note on baud rates below)
• Press “Upload” to deploy the StandardFirmata sketch to the Arduino device.

Baud Rate

StandardFirmata communicates with Bluetooth devices using a serial line or via USB. By default it uses a baud rate of 57,600 bps. Depending on the configuration of your Bluetooth device, you may need to modify this rate. It can be found in the setup method and looks like this:

Firmata.begin(57600);

Change the value to the correct baud rate. For USB, this value is configurable in the device and Windows Remote Arduino connection parameters. If you are using a bluetooth PCBA, the baud rate depends on the device you are using.

Hardware Set Up

You can always start with a USB, WiFi or Ethernet connection, but let’s cover the simple connection of a Bluetooth PCBA device and LED, we will use the Windows Remote Arduino library to turn the LED on and off via Bluetooth!

• Connect the power and ground rails on the rigid PCB to the 5V and GND pins on the Arduino respectively. Power connections are easily tracked using color-coded wires (red and black).

• Plug the Bluetooth device onto the rigid PCB and connect the VCC and GND pins to the power and ground rails on the rigid PCB respectively.

• Connect the TX-0 pin on the Bluetooth device to the RX pin on the Arduino. Likewise, connect the RX-1 pin on the Bluetooth device to the TX pin on the Arduino.

• Note that the yellow wire in the picture goes from the Bluetooth device’s transmit pin to the Arduino’s receive pin, and the orange wire does the opposite. This step is critical to establishing serial communication between the Bluetooth device and the Arduino, allowing messages transmitted from one device to be received by the other.

• Before making this connection, make sure your code is uploaded to the Arduino. The Arduino Uno uses the same serial (TX and RX) pins to flash the device, this prevents any code being uploaded to it while another device is connected to those serial pins.
• Add an LED to the rigid PCBA. Note that the longer (or bent) leg is the anode (positive) and the shorter leg is the cathode (negative).

• Connect the cathode of the LED to the ground rail of the rigid PCB using a 330Ω resistor. A 330Ω resistor is striped orange, orange, brown, gold as shown.

• Connect the anode of the LED to any digital I/O pin on the Arduino. We use pin 13 in our example.

Your FS PCBA setup is now ready! It should look similar to the setup shown in the image below.

FS PCBA Project Code

Arduino sketching

Install Arduio Firmata Library:

Go to Sketch Menu/Include Libraries/Manage Libraries and search for “Firmata” and install the latest version of the library.

Now open and upload the “StandardFirmata” example from File/Examples/Firmata/StandardFirmata.

It is done on the Arduino side. Now we will see the application for Windows Universal Platform.

Windows Universal Platform App

Download the example repository here. If you’d rather create your own electronics PCB fabrication project, follow the project setup guide here.

Now that we’re all set, let’s get into some code!

• Create your project

I set up a project called FS PCBA RemoteBlinky following the steps in the setup guide. In the screenshot below, you’ll see the code-behind file, MainPage.xaml.cs, which simply creates a Bluetooth connection object and passes it to the RemoteDevice class in the constructor. You’ll see that I specified my device name in this example. You can also enumerate available devices by calling the static .listAvailableDevicesAsync() function on the BluetoothSerial (and USBSerial) class before constructing the object.

Notes for USB flex PCBA:

USBSerial has many options for specifying your device. In the constructor, you can provide the device’s VID and PID, just the VID, or a DeviceInformation object (obtained from the listAvailableDevicesAsync function above). Likewise, BluetoothSerial allows you to provide a device ID (as a string), a device name (also a string), or a DeviceInformation object.

You can get the VID and PID combination of a USB device by following these steps:

Open Device Manager from Control Panel or by pressing the Windows + Pause keys together and selecting the Device Manager link on the left.

• Expand the Ports (COM and LPT) menu
• Right click on your Arduino device and select properties
• On the Details tab, select Hardware ID from the drop-down menu.
• You may see multiple entries in the Value box, but any entry will have a matching PID and VID.
• These entries have the format “USB\VID_****&PID_****”, where **** is the numeric ID value.

USBSerial usb = new USBSerial( “VID_2341”, “PID_0043” ); Guaranteed to work only with the following hardware devices:

Next, I’ll add a callback function to the RemoteDevice object’s DeviceReady event. This function is automatically called when the Bluetooth Flex PCB device is connected and all necessary settings have been initialized. You’ll notice that I haven’t implemented anything in that function at this point. Finally, call .begin() on the connection object to tell it to connect.

Flex USB PCBA code considerations:

The parameters of the .begin() function don’t matter for bluetooth flex PCBA, but you have to use the same baud rate on Arduino and UsbSerial object (first parameter). Also, the second parameter must be “SerialConfig.8N1”. The rest of the example works exactly the same no matter which connection type you use.

Jump to the MainPage.xaml file and create a few buttons that turn the LEDs on and off. You’ll notice that I’ve added the button callback to the Click event and set the IsEnabled property to false, FS Tech will explain why below!

• I implemented three functions in this step. First, the OnDeviceReady function now enables the button on the UI thread! This ensures that the button is only enabled when the Bluetooth connection is ready, as this usually takes a few seconds to happen.
• I also set up .digitalWrite() calls in the button callbacks OnButton_Click and OffButton_Click

Flex PCBA Build and Deploy! Once connected, your button will be enabled and you can turn the LED on and off at will! Here’s a screenshot of this basic example running on Windows Phone 10.

I really hope you enjoy duplicating this project and using it as a baseline for an incredible new set of PCBA projects! You can quickly go from PCB to PCBA with PCB assembly to get it done in no time.

Circuit board is a kind of electronic circuit, which is very common in our life. There are such items in computers, mobile phones and refrigerators. Printed circuit board is also called pcb board aluminum substrate, high frequency board, ultra-thin circuit board, ultra-thin circuit board, Printed (copper etching technology) circuit boards, etc., are the supports for electronic components and the provider of circuit connections for electronic components. The most common printed circuit boards use the method of printing etching resists to produce circuit patterns and circuits, so they are called printed circuit boards or printed circuit boards. Because people want smaller products, mobile phones are getting smaller and smaller, computers are getting smaller and smaller, and the circuit boards of FS Technology have become more and more refined. With the advent of the 21st century, production technology has become more and more developed. The vast majority of PCBs now use etch resists (lamination or coating), and after exposure and development, PCBs are made by etching.

The working principle of FS technology pcb

PCB is manufactured by many processes, mainly including the following processes, pads, electrical boundaries, mounting holes, vias, components, connectors, wires, filling, etc. If the pcb is distinguished according to the number of layers, it can be divided into the following common types: pcb single-layer board (Single Layer PCB), pcb double-layer board (Double Layer PCB) and pcb multi-layer board (Multi Layer PCB) three types . The main processes of these pcbs have the following functions, each of which is essential:

There are metal vias and non-metal vias, where metal vias are used to connect component pins between layers – vias

for fixing pcb-mounting holes

Components used for connection between pcbs. -connector

Used to determine the size of FS Technology’s pcb, all components on the pcb must not exceed this boundary – electrical boundary

The surface copper foil conductive layer is separated by the insulating material of the board base, so that the current flows in various components along the pre-designed route to complete functions such as work, amplification, attenuation, modulation, demodulation, coding, etc. – the working principle of pcb

Metal Hole-Pad for Soldering Component Pins

Electrical network copper film-conductor for connecting component pins

Copper plating for ground network can effectively reduce impedance-filling

FS technology pcb production method

Although there are many methods of processing and making PCBs, the traditional rapid board making methods can be mainly divided into two categories: physical methods and chemical methods:

① Physical method:

By using many utensils and power tools, the copper that is not needed on the circuit board is manually engraved. This method is not very good, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and has low accuracy. Of course, it is applicable if your circuit board design is relatively simple, but not for complex circuit boards.

Features: It is labor-intensive and time-consuming, the precision is not easy to control and there is irreversibility, and the operation requirements are very high. With the development of science and technology, fewer and fewer people use this method, and people are more inclined to use the chemical method.

② Using chemical methods:

This method is currently the most used method by FS Technology. People etch away unnecessary copper in a corrosive solution by covering a protective layer on a blank copper clad laminate. Of course, technology has made us more and more advanced. We have developed many ways to achieve the protective layer, the most traditional way of hand painting method, the method of pasting customized self-adhesive, the method of film sensitization, and the method developed in 2010. Thermal transfer printing PCB board method.

Features: The process is relatively complex, but the precision is controllable. It is the most widely used rapid plate-making method at present, but there are still many problems.

③ Hand painting:

Manually draw the shape of the circuit on the blank copper clad laminate with a soft pen or a hard pen. After drying, it can be put into the solution for direct corrosion.

④ Paste the sticker:

There are all kinds of stickers in the world that are made into strips and discs. Different stickers are combined on the blank circuit board as needed, and they can be corroded after they are glued.

⑤ Film sensitivity:

The PCB circuit board diagram is printed on the film by a laser printer, and the blank CCL is pre-coated with a layer of photosensitive material (coated CCL is sold in the market), and it can be exposed, developed, fixed and cleaned in a darkroom environment. Corrosion in solution.

⑥ Thermal transfer:

The circuit is directly printed on the blank circuit board by the FS technology thermal transfer printer, and then put into the corrosive solution to corrode.

To sum up: the previously used physical plate-making method is labor-intensive, time-consuming and low in precision, while the chemical rapid plate-making method has controllable precision, but the process is complex and not environmentally friendly. Regardless of whether it is a physical method or a chemical method, both of them require high operating skills, so neither can be regarded as a good method that can help engineers achieve “fast” board making.

Summary: The design of the circuit board is based on the circuit diagram to perform the functions required by the circuit designer. The design of the printed circuit board is primarily a model design, which must take into account the shape of the external connectors, the correct shape of the internal electronic components, and the precise pattern of metal and hole connections. So what is the PCB design process like? FS Technology will explain the design of printed circuit boards for you

Designing pcb circuit boards requires not only strong pcb design knowledge, but also a reliable circuit board design software. You can enter this blog, which has the most popular software.

What is the design process of FS Tech PCB circuit?

1. Planning and Design

The special performance of PCB should be the main components of high-frequency components, the main components of circuits, interference components, high-voltage components, high-heating components and other components. The condition of these specific parts of the opposite sex. It must be carefully evaluated and the belt configuration must meet the operational and manufacturing requirements of the chain. Improper layout can lead to FS Technology circuit compatibility, signal integrity issues, and PCB design defects.

When designing special components, the first consideration is the size of the circuit board. Kuaiwang pointed out that when the PCB size is too large, the printing length increases, the resistance increases, the dry resistance decreases, and the cost increases; if it is too small, the heat dissipation is not good, and it is easy to interfere with adjacent pipes. After setting the FS Technology PCB dimensions, look for the location of the special features. Finally, all components in the circuit are configured according to the functionality of the device. The arrangement of special functions in a circuit board is usually done according to the following principles:

Minimize contact between high frequency components, minimize electromagnetic distribution parameters and mutual interference. Interfering elements cannot be too close to each other, and the inlet and outlet must be as far apart as possible.

2. Some components or cables may vary greatly, so their distance should be increased to avoid the risk of short circuits caused by lightning strikes. High-voltage components must be kept out of reach.

FS Tech components weighing more than 15 G can be installed and welded. Due to heat distribution, those heavy and hot components should not be placed on the board, but on the board below the main frame. Heater parts should be kept away from hot areas.

4. All panel design specifications must be considered when configuring adjustable components such as potentiometers, adjustable inductors, variable capacitors, and microswitches. Some standard switches should be used when the system allows it. Lie down and hold your hand lightly. The layout of the components must be uniform, compact and not too heavy.

For a product to be successful, it must take into account the internal quality of FS Technology. Instead, it’s important to consider the overall aesthetic, so the perfect shield will succeed.

The targeting sequence

1. Position the side assembly near power outlets, lights, switches, sockets, etc.

2. Install large-scale FS technology components, heavy components, heating components, transformers, integrated circuits and other special components.

Arrange small pieces.

3. Planning research

1. Is the board size and system size required to create the correct map?

2. The layout of each part is consistent, the organization is good, and the overall layout is perfect.

3. Are there levels of conflict? Sections, terms and conditions that must be published in trust may be copyrighted.

3. Common components are easy to use. Switches, Dash plug accessories, frequently replaced parts, and more.

4. Whether the distance between the heating part and the heating part is reasonable.

Abstract: Design a printed circuit board based on a schematic circuit to perform the functions required by the circuit manufacturer. Print design design refers to the circuit design, which must take into account the external design of the joint, the detailed design of the internal electrical components, and the detailed design of the metal joints and holes. What are the PCB circuit board design software? FS Technology will introduce you the mainstream pbc circuit board design software

The most popular circuit board design software in China

Protel, protel 99se, protel DXP, Altium are widely used in China. All of this software is developed and continuously developed by the company; the current version, Altium Design 15, is straightforward and can be used to easily create FS Tech PCB boards. But these softwares are not suitable for making hard PCBs.

Design better circuit board design software

Cadence SPB software Cadence SPB is Cadence software, the latest version is Cadence SPB 16.5; ORCAD design program is a global standard, and is also the most used circuit board design software by FS Technology; PCB design and simulation are more complete, and the use is much more complicated than Protel. The requirements and features are complex; but the rules are designed for the design, so the design is better, less work, and significantly stronger than the prototype.

Circuit board design software that few people use

Metor Boards and EEs, which only work on BOARDSTATION UNIX systems, are not designed for PCs, so they are rarely used; the current MentorEE version is Mentor EE 7.9, Cadence SPB is the same standard as PCB design software, and in some respects is better than Cadence Poor SPB. FS Technology has hardly used this type of board design software

The most popular circuit board design software in Europe and America

Eagle Layout is the most widely used PCB design software in Europe. Most of the PCB design software mentioned above are the most widely used, with Cadence SPB and Mentorai kings being the most ideal. If you are new to PCB design, FS Technology believes that Cadencespb is better, it can give manufacturers a good design experience and ensure good design quality.